9%. The Berkey removes contaminants from your water, which is why it’s considered a water purifier not just a filter. Please see official California press release below. Some users may find it less durable than Berkey and Alexapure Pro filters due to its lower cost. Wonder why Berkey water filters are banned in California? Learn how getting travel or light Berkey purifier is easier now. 25 in. This isn’t to say that Berkey filters contain these harmful chemicals, but the law is applicable to. We just set our Berkey Light up with 2 fluoride PF-2 filters (the big white ones). 5 gallons) compared to other filters tested, and “exceptionally long filter life” (each pair. Lead is a toxic metal that can cause health problems if ingested at high levels. Skip to content Black Friday Event > Free Shipping on Orders Over $79 to All 50 States. Wells from Natural News cross-posted with permission. Wonder why Berkey water filters are banned in California? Learn how getting travel or light Berkey purifier is easier now. For more than a quarter of a century, Berkey has provided water filters to the public, providing an effective, economical means of removing harmful contaminants from freshwater sources for consumers to have clean water at home or on the go. demonstrate any leaching of aluminum because aluminum is a compound at the molecular level which is protected by a strongly adherent layer of oxide (oxygen). The company claims the cost and certification requirements are too high, but some outdoor use filters are. Like many things in California, the world of water filtration systems in CA are highly regulated. Non-compliance with state laws is why Berkey water filters are banned from California. Basically, in the California state of the U. Why are Berkey water filters banned in California? quora. Filters may require replacement sooner based upon the quality of influent water. Water Filter Spruce’s Post Water Filter Spruce 5 followers 2d Report this post High fluoride content in water is a severe issue. Berkey water filters are still some of the most dependable and useful filtration systems, even though they’re banned in California. S. This would include upper/lower chambers, all filters, and sport. Berkey claims to be able to remove contaminants that it isn’t certified to remove, and the industry doesn’t recognize its filtration method as a viable way to remove many of the contaminants it claims to have removed. The Golden State has very strict regulations about using non-lead-free products, including their introduction into the local market. 25 percent lead. Yet they refuse to even get a certification for taste? Their filters apparently do what others can't even come close to for the price point- they should have something to back up their claims. Additionally, the “No-Lead Law” in California makes it unethical to sell Berkey products in the state, although it is not illegal to possess one. Due to California laws, Berkey distributors are prohibited from selling larger Berkey systems in the state. Product Description. And yet, see red flag number 1. However, I never saw an 8 GPM or greater flow rate. Need Help on the Go - Text 1 (800) 350-4170 During Business Hours. If you intend to, or have placed an order for one of the "indoor" systems ( Big Berkey, Royal Berkey, Imperial. Our verdict: The countertop Berkey water filtration system is Berkey’s most popular filter for good reason: the Black Berkey filter elements remove more than 200 contaminants and have an impressively long lifespan, despite a few design flaws with the system. Berkey offers six different sizes of water filter systems, accommodating families of various sizes: Travel Berkey: Perfect for 1-2 people, holding 1. Drinking water is one of the most common sources of exposure. Wonder why Berkey water filters are banned in California? Learn how getting travel or light Berkey purifier is easier now. Learn how to fix it and get clean water from your faucet. Why are Berkey Water Filters Banned in California? (2023)Why are Berkey Water Filters Banned in California? (Updated: 2022) (waterfilterguru. Our Berkey filters it into wonderful, refreshing water!!! Age: 65. The regulation makes sense in terms of public health. This gravity-fed filter looks similar to the Berkey system and produces similar results, but it has a few extra benefits: it’s over $100 cheaper than Berkey’s comparably sized Big Berkey unit, it uses just a single filter rather than a pair, and it has NSF 42 certified components (something that Berkey doesn’t have). Water Quality; What Does Berkey Filter? Does Berkey Alter pH Level? How Berkey Filters; TDS Meters and Berkey Water; Berkey Blog ; Water Filter Systems. It’s important to ensure that any water filter you purchase meets these standards to guarantee its effectiveness and safety for use. Check out now! #WaterQuality #filtered #waterfilterspruce #healthywater #. There are a few major as well as some regulated kinds of the decree statements and rules that have been set in order to make everyone sure that they will follow all the strategies in place. . Sep 21, 2023. They aren't that expensive, a few hundred for the unit and $20-50 a year for filters. New Millennium Concepts, the manufacturer behind Berkey water filters, has taken legal action against the U. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), claiming that the federal agency’s classification of its products as “pesticides” is erroneous. Due to California laws, Berkey distributors are prohibited from selling larger Berkey systems in the state. 9 percent of the contaminants that are found in petroleum products, such as crude oil, diesel, gasoline. Public Law 111-380, an amendment to the Safe Drinking Water Act, made it illegal to utilize brass items that contained more than 0. Berkey ® has voluntarily opted out of registering or selling its products in California. 5 gallons) and the Big Berkey (2. Berkey water filters are a popular choice among consumers looking for an effective and affordable way to filter their drinking water. When you filter water using a Berkey, more than 99. 9%. However, for those residing in California, this gem might be out of reach due to a well-intentioned yet overreaching law. Check out and find more! #WaterQuality #filtered #waterfilterspruce #. Berkey water filters are still some of the most dependable and useful filtration systems, even though they’re banned in California. The long existence of the Berkey® Purification components enables you to appreciate cleansed water for around two pennies for every gallon. Trying to change Floride filter to be registered as pesticide. The Washington. Best Under-the-Sink Water Filter: Aquasana Claryum 3-Stage Max Flow. 9%. Check out now! #WaterQuality #filtered #waterfilterspruce #healthywater #. EDIT: it seems this is related to silver being categorized as a pesticide and. . Berkey water filter is actually classed as a water purifier as it exceeds the industry requirement which is to remove at least 99. Berkey water filters are regarded by many as some of the best filters money can buy, and several of. However, for those residing in California, this gem might be out of reach due to a well-intentioned yet overreaching law. Check out now! #WaterQuality. Join the free Brighteon email newsletter. The GATEWAY PUNDIT owner and editor Jim Hoft published an article on Sept 19, 2023, listing Berkey as #9 of the top 20 Common Functions of American Life the Government Wants to Regulate, Restrict or Outright Ban. Many competing products falsely and deceptively assert that Berkey ® systems are banned in California while they themselves market their unregistered water filter. Best Fluoride Water Filters | Review & Pre-Purchase Considerations 2023 choose the best iron filters for well water to have a safer, cleaner, and ultra-pure soft water system for your whole house and family! #WaterQuality…Due to California laws, Berkey purification systems cannot be shipped to California, although replacement parts and accessories may be. With a 3. Need Help on the Go - Text 1 (800) 350-4170 During Business. Berkey Water Filters Banned by EPA. Less a bunch of toxic strains. These items may be returned to us and we will send you new replacement items. It is hazardous for children and pregnant women, who can suffer from developmental delays, learning disabilities, and other health issues due to exposure. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) over what it says are false claims by the federal agency that its products are “pesticides. " See full list on waterfilterguru. com. 3. The Golden State has very strict regulations about using non-lead-free products, including their introduction into the local market. 4/2023. Wonder why Berkey water filters are banned in California? Learn how getting travel or light Berkey purifier is easier now. Our Exclusive Lifetime warranty for Berkey Water Filtration Systems ensures replacement of all Berkey canisters, spigots, washers, and wing nuts that fail due to faulty materials or workmanship. Beware of real, brand name berkey water filters. Here’s another picture, this one looking down the inside towards the bottom – where. We had a Berkey and after some time our water became cloudy and tons of mineral build up around the filter and main spout. EWG’s interactive map shows areas of. It’s easy to use the Berkey: just fill it up with water and let the filter do the work. Easy to maintain. 1 In fact, an entire generation has grown up with a Berkey filter in their kitchen. Once water passes through the Black Berkey filters, the water goes through a chlorine filter to remove both chlorine and chloramides. Unfortunately, Atrazine will dissolve in water and that is how it gets into our ground water supply and tap water. Berkey’s filtration media is effective for both hot and cold water too. Unsure how/if this legal action relates. (“NMCL”) and the James B. Wonder why Berkey water filters are banned in California? Learn how getting travel or light Berkey purifier is easier now. It does this by using a filter media called KDF 55. Then why are berkey water filters banned in california? California has implemented regulations that directly affect the sale of indoor water systems, including Berkey filters. In Iowa, why are berkey water filters prohibited?Berkey Water Filter - Oils are a great source of fat and a very good merchandise for any prepper supply checklist. When choosing a Berkey water filter, it's important to consider the number of people in your household. creek, pond, lake water, etc. Berkey Filters offers great gravity-fed water filters. For added protection get the Berkey Fluoride Reduction Filters. Durability: Each Black Berkey® Element is designed to purify approximately 3,000 gallons of water before. That’s because of this gravity-fed water filter’s superior filtration system for its class and its simplicity of setup and use. Environmental Protection Agency has decided to ban Berkey water filters, officially labeling them as pesticides. Yes, Berkey water filtration systems and related products are allowed in California. Berkey Filters are classified as a Purifier, which performs a lot higher purification than a filter. Jul. Berkey Water Filters, a renowned name in the world of water filtration, has won the hearts of many with its flagship product, the Big Berkey. The Berkey water filter is made of stainless steel and comes in different sizes to accommodate various. The diameter and the height of the system are about 9. Big Berkey Water Filter Overview. So this is something to keep in mind. 100% privacy protected. Greenville, S. The answer to why Berkey water filters are banned in California is because of the no-lead law, which prohibits the sale of non-tested and non-certified water filters. It does not. Primarily, using these filters, you get high-quality drinking water. 4. #1. Strict regulations on indoor filtration systems have prevented Californians from…Wonder why Berkey water filters are banned in California? Learn how getting travel or light Berkey purifier is easier now. History of Water Filters. m. Mainly because I was wondering if it would work to replace distilled water. Big Berkey is the most popular size, with a storage capacity of 2. I inspected it further and realized I may have over tightened one of the filters and because it pours water faster than the other. Check it out!Berkey is prohibited from selling in Iowa If they cannot support their own claims of removing over 95% of heavy metals and 99. The second type of drinking purification system for water is the purpose of the section system. 2) I used the flow rate to estimate how long it would take to fill my water. 25 gallons). Then allow the exterior wall of the Black Berkey element to sweat beads of water for about 10 seconds. September 21, 2023. If you notice you have any damaged parts or an item breaks, causing the slower filtering time, order replacement parts right away and see if it makes. S. S. The issue with Berkey is that the Gov knows some of their claims don’t check out. Today Week Month Year. Why are Berkey water filters banned in California? Non-compliance with state laws is why Berkey water filters are banned from California. Most other filtration systems are inadequate because they do not remove viruses or bacteria, and many remove the. Wonder why Berkey water filters are banned in California? Learn how getting travel or light Berkey purifier is easier now. (“NMCL”) and the James B. We stock a full selection of Berkey Water Filter System models, including the popular Big Berkey. However, despite their widespread use across the United States, Berkey water filters are banned in California. Berkey water filters have gained immense popularity in recent years due to their ability to remove a wide range of contaminants from water, including bacteria, viruses, and heavy metals. I did as the instructions stated and primed the filters. Berkey has sued the EPA in response to their sudden and unorthodox reinterpretation of their own regulations. Berkey says NSF testing would reveal too much of their product design to competitors and claim their own testing is more rigorous anyway. 2. So although the filters last for many gallons, over time, even with monthly. And honestly, even if it only lasted ten years, I’d be happy. Check out now! #WaterQuality #filtered #waterfilterspruce #healthywater #. They essentially reclassified the product. Our Sertodo Copper Water Filter System uses a ceramic filter, while the Berkey Water Filtration System uses Black Berkey Purification Elements. Learn how the Berkey works, read reviews, compare the top ten water filters, and find the Berkey for your family! Skip to content Black Friday Event > Free Shipping on Orders Over $79 to All 50 States. Have clean and better-tasting water in the taps of your whole home with these best sediment filters for well water. Unavailable. Yes, Berkey water filter systems remove fluoride. ) It comes with an easy to use spigot. Subtotal $547. Hi ***** -The ** ban is not due to filter performance but rather due to classification as indoor systems require high payment fees to the state to allow the ability to sell them there. It's the golden goose of water filters. Curious about why Berkey water filters are banned in California? Uncover the reasons behind the restrictions, explore their impact on consumers, and discover. Some might also be interested in constructing their own Berkey Water Purification system. For added protection get the Berkey Fluoride Reduction Filters. Check out now! #WaterQuality #filtered #waterfilterspruce #healthywater #. 5 ¢. Not major, but not the most pleasing. Additionally, the “No-Lead Law” in California makes it unethical to sell Berkey products in the state, although it is not illegal to possess one. However, some states have banned the sale and use of Berkey filters due to their high effectiveness in removing contaminants from water sources. See the photos at the site. Holding the cost down your Berkey water filter can even give safe water in an electrical blackout. If you are living off-grid, or camping out in areas where other clean water sources are readily available, the Berkey Water System is a must-have. Cost of Berkey vs. There is a lot of additional information online that you can search and read for yourself. If water flow exceeds the max rating, the filter can no longer sterilize water. But the overall diameter of the cross-section is about 2-1/4″, while the inside diameter of the ‘hole’ is about 1-1/8″. Sounds like a scam. We find the 1. The kitchen counter tends to be where most people place it. It’s still a heck of a lot cheaper than buying bottled water every week. Check out now! #WaterQuality #filtered #waterfilterspruce #healthywater #. The law stipulates that any “end-use device intended to convey or dispense water for human. A filter system that uses electricity means higher bills. 5 inches and 24 inches respectively. 3. The California Department of Public Health (CDPH) regulates water treatment devices to ensure that they are safe and effective. Fluoride - Removed to greater than 99. #. 9%. BERKEY WATER FILTERS SUES THE EPA. Berkey water filters are regarded by many as some of the best filters money can buy, and several of Berkey’s products have been featured on Good Morning America, Martha Stewart, Food Network, Thrillist, Goop and. Jul. However, if you…California law requires all water filter companies to detail their processes and manufacturing materials to obtain the NFS certificate or be certified by other recognized ASI-approved third-party bodies. The state of California has some of the most stringent water quality regulations in the country, and Berkey water filters do not meet all of these requirements. 25 gallons in the Big Berkey. That's because Berkey water filters are banned in California, and the reason why is quite surprising. Related: Why Are Berkey Filters Banned in California? AdsorptionWater Filter Spruce’s Post Water Filter Spruce 6 followers 1d Report this post Black sediments in well water is a common problem. When comparing the cost of Alexapure Pro with Big Berkey (which is also 2. California’s “AB 1953, SB 1395 & HSC Section 116875” became law in 2009. S. For more than a quarter of a century, Berkey has provided water filters to the public, providing an effective, economical means of removing harmful contaminants from freshwater sources for consumers to have clean water at home or on the go. There is a reason why the Big Berkey Water Filter is so popular. If you live in California, please consider our Berkey Light or Travel. Shower Filter. 5 gallons or more. Use the wing nut for grip press the priming button against the faucet. Berkey Water Filters The Berkey® Water Filters are constructed of highly polished AISI 304 stainless steel and have a storage capacity starting at 1. Why is Berkey not certified? Though Berkey water filter has a strong following and a trusted customer base, some problems have been raised. They can't real you into the fold if you can survive as an independent. Berkey Water Filters Banned by EPA. I think it actually runs for a few days but you might have to register to get the full effects. The Black Berkey Filters remove up to 99. The Sport element is rated to purify 640 refills (~110 gallons) of tap water, or 160 refills (~28 gallons) of questionable quality (i. Berkey water filters are regarded by many as some of the best filters money can buy, and several of. Keeps coming back to the fact they will not do the NSF/ANSI certification. 75 gallon capacity and costs just under $300. Berkey’s are not sold in California because they don’t want to comply with CA’s “no lead. It is mainly because of the no-lead law, which prohibits the sale of non-tested and non-certified water filters. 25 (535 vote) Summary: Currently this law prevents any Berkey water filter from being sold in the state of California, and canvasses all Berkey products that comes in contact with Matching search results: The unique up-flow dual tank design in the Aquasana Rhino. 00 per configuration. Easy to maintain. They hide discreetly and filter a higher volume of. 00) 1x BIG BERKEY with 4 BLACK FILTER ELEMENTS 2. Although the Berkey water filter has a strong following and people have been using it over the years, but still, some problems are being reported. *This company may be headquartered in or have additional locations in another country. Also you can go to top of the menu and find more about the why are berkey water filters. 4. Next, fill your upper chamber with water and add 1 teaspoon of red food coloring for every gallon of water (only red please). For everyone who makes, sells, or installs brass goods used in potable water systems, January 4, 2014, was a notable occasion. Shepherd Trust, the brand owner of Berkey Water Systems, filed a lawsuit against the EPA (United States Environmental Protection Agency) this week seeking to stop its unjustified treatment and perceived. However, if you reside in California, you may have encountered a major obstacle – the ban on Berkey water filters according to state. Berkey Filters, the stainless steel cylindrical water filters the size of a small child, are banned in California. In recent years, water filters have gained significant traction as individuals strive to ensure the purity and safety of their drinking water. Berkey has sued the EPA in response to their sudden and unorthodox reinterpretation of their own regulations. Please click on the country abbreviation. The lawsuit, filed on Aug 9,2023 in the U. Good luck. By: Olin Wade (Remodel or Move Stuff) Yes, Berkey Water Filters are legal in California. Berkey does not remove all of the stuff. 00. Lead is a toxic metal that can cause health problems if ingested at high levels. Berkey, a renowned name in the filtration industry, has gained a significant foothold with its flagship product, the Big Berkey, garnering a loyal customer base across the nation. Suspension of Berkey ® Products To California Residents Begining January 1, 2010. Many countertop water filters need a water pressure system in order to work and this can sometimes require electricity. Yes, the Berkey water filter elements can remove up to 99. e. Here we complied a all list of why are berkey water filters banned in california of latest 2023. I also hate filling up the small pitches 6 times a day. 25-gallon water tank, the Royal Berkey is a good fit for larger families or small businesses. We purchased a Big Berkey in 2016 after realizing the tap water at our new apartment was less than stellar. Skip to content Black Friday Event > Free Shipping on Orders Over $79 to All 50 States. The Berkey water filter systems have gained immense popularity due to their effectiveness. Berkey Water Filters - Free Shipping on Orders Over $99 Questions? Call (888) 899-3903. This raises the question, why are Berkey water filters banned in California? Similar to water softeners, certain filters have also been scrutinized due to their environmental impact. 1 In fact, an entire generation has grown up with a Berkey filter in their kitchen. Berkey Filters offers great gravity-fed water filters. And that answer would be - nope. 9 percent of harmful herbicides and pesticides are removed from the water. Berkey Light 2-6 People. S. Less than 3¢. Berkey water filters are banned in California because they do not meet the no-lead laws of the state. #WaterQuality #filtered…California residents are not allowed to use Berkey water filters because they don’t remove all contaminants from the water. 9% of pathogenic bacteria and reduce viruses by 99. Clarity: The only semi-effective Berkey Filter that is dedicated for removing or reducing Flouride is "Activated Alumina". They are not considered a regulated device by the state, so there are no restrictions on the use or sale of Berkey Water Filters in California. For more than a quarter of a century, Berkey has provided water filters to the public, providing an effective, economical means of removing harmful contaminants from freshwater sources for consumers to have clean water at home or on the go. ET Source: USA Berkey Filters/Facebook Berkey Filters, the stainless steel cylindrical water filters the size of a small child, are banned in California. Without the fluoride filter (just the black ceramic) it taste fine, just like plain, filtered water. 5 gallons of water. S. If you are traveling away from your Berkey System with Fluoride Filters, you will need someone to run water through your refrigerated Fluoride Filters, every 14 days, as if they were in. Crown Berkey Water Filter. They do an excellent job of getting rid of pollutants such as bacteria. S. This law mandates that any product sold in California must carry a warning label if it contains any of the 800+ chemicals known to cause cancer, birth defects, or other reproductive harm. This distinction is what makes Berkey the only certifiable gravity flow water purification system on the market. The Berkey removes contaminants from your water, which is why it’s considered a water purifier — not just a filter. Best Countertop Water Filter: Aquasana Claryum Countertop. Sounds like a scam. As the Travel Berkey is the smallest in the Berkey lineup, it can hold a maximum of two filters and process 2. #WaterQuality #filtered…Author: bigberkeywaterfilters. The Berkeys are a big jump in price compared to the budget options below — depending on size, $250-$700 compared to $50 — but many experts think the premium is worth it for a dedicated countertop filter. They are not certified to meet the indoor water systems standards for. The Berkey Water Filter was banned in Iowa due to concerns about its effectiveness in removing nitrates from water, highlighting the need for more education and awareness about water quality and filtration methods. Trying to change Floride filter to be registered as pesticide. Travel Berkey 1-2 People. Black Berkey® filters operate on a scale of 24 to 26 nanometers, which is equivalent to 0. Berkey has sued the EPA in response to their sudden and unorthodox reinterpretation of their own regulations. 999% of viruses. More commonly referred to as the “no-lead law”, this law, which is now not so new, prevents the majority of available Berkey water. Can Berkey water make you sick? Top critical review I ended up getting really sick because of Coliform bacteria which grew in the filters. Wonder why Berkey water filters are banned in California? Learn how getting travel or light Berkey purifier is easier now. EPA to stop the environmental group from classifying Berkey filters as pesticides. All reactions: 34. I also have a Black Berkey Primer kit and 2x spare filters (which will filter another 6,000 gallons after you replace the original filters that come with the Big Berkey). #WaterQuality #filtered…Ans. A. Bob Lane November 3, 2023 at 11:16 PM. 2. Purchasing replacement filters ahead of time lets you store them. For those of you who have never used one, the Berkey is a basic gravity filter. California, has adopted AB 1953 / SB 1334 & 1395 / HSC Section 116875. They don’t meet california laws and regulations; 240 rows the travel berkey, is a slightly more robust, heavyweight outdoor water filter system that’s made from stainless steel. Check out now! #WaterQuality #filtered #waterfilterspruce #healthywater #. Berkey's choice to decline subjecting their filters to testing by an ANSI-accredited independent entity renders the sale and usage of their product illegal. 024 microns…. :18: Dollars keep flowing to all the big urban areas to keep. Berkey stated that its filters aren't harmful, and the EPA's ruling will mean Berkey filter owners must turn to knockoff or counterfeit filters. Suspension of Berkey ® Products To California Residents Begining January 1, 2010. There are many why are berkey water filters banned in california but hard to find good why are berkey water filters banned in california . Its superior water quality and filtering capability is exactly why the Berkey outshines more mainstream, household names like Brita and PUR, not to mention its longevity and long-term affordability. Why are Berkey water filters banned? Berkey filters require unnecessary maintenance This cleaning method has the potential to introduce harmful bacteria and hinder the filter’s performance. 5 gallons. The Berkey Filter claims to exceed the requirements of NSF-53, this is not true. Environmental Protection Agency has decided to ban Berkey water filters, officially labeling them as pesticides. Berkey water filters are banned in California because the state requires water filters to be certified by NSF or ANSI, and Berkey has refused to obtain this certification. 9999% of pathogenic bacteria and 99. They aren't that expensive, a few hundred for the unit and $20-50 a year for filters. Find a Location. Certifying your system is what matters. Do Berkey filters need to stay wet? As mentioned above the Fluoride Filters, need to remain wet. “Royalties from sales from a third party are not enough to support standing,” Mark T. Add to cart. Berkey Water Systems has 1 locations, listed below. Lead exposure, even at low levels, can have severe and long-lasting impacts on human health, especially in children. Berkey Water Filters are not banned in California. Uranium-tainted water was able to pass through the black Berkey filter element without endangering human health, therefore it was made available for. Temperate & Economical. Here's the breakdown on the Berkey water filter saga in Berkey water filters have gained immense popularity in recent years due to their ability to remove a wide range of contaminants from water, including bacteria, viruses, and heavy metals. So if you clean it every six months or twice a year, it should last 50 years. For starters, it’s slow. The reason is that Berkey has flatly refused to comply with California’s law for selling domestic water filtration systems. However, one name Why Are Berkey Water Filters Banned in California Wonder why Berkey water filters are banned in California? Learn how getting travel or light Berkey purifier is easier now. The ban on Berkey water filters in the state of Iowa is a significant issue as it relates to public health and environmental safety. Alexapure Pro. Here's the breakdown on the Berkey water filter saga in California. In this article, we will provide an overview of why Berkey water filters are illegal in Iowa and answer some common questions about the ban. However, for those residing in California, this gem might be out of reach due to a well-intentioned yet overreaching law. Some users may find it less durable than Berkey and Alexapure Pro filters due to its lower cost. Are you looking for the best whole house water filters to remove fluoride and chlorine from water? Read our analysis and buying guide for it. The rule makes sense in terms of public health. 00. country. Here’s another picture, this one looking down the inside towards the bottom – where.